Reed Strengths, FAQ's and General Comment

Reed Strengths, FAQ's and General Comment

(The following is adapted from an article for Reeds Direct Cambridge)

I hope that this page and some of the FAQ’s that follow will help you to gain confidence in making the choice of reed, finding the right strength and assisting in the search for reeds.

First things first –

If you are new to playing, or buying for someone who is, softer reeds, often strength 1.5 or 2 are your best bet. Using lower strength reeds at first is more encouraging to the younger player, easier on the lip and less demanding for air support. You may also wish to purchase less expensive reeds at first, as without careful handling they can be easily broken. As players learn to better handle their reeds then the expense of higher quality reeds can be justified as they will last longer and be more enjoyable to play. As a player learns to blow better, learns more notes and expects more from the tone of their instrument then they should be encouraged to move up in strength of reed and experiment with what different brands have to offer. Manufacturers offer strengths usually starting from 1.5 (or even 1) and extending to 5 (or more). These numbers represent an increasing strength of resistance. Most players will settle on strength 2.5 or 3 after a number of years of playing – this is very standard, though some advanced players or those with particular mouthpieces will require both higher and softer strengths than this. Teachers can help decide the appropriate time to change strengths.

One practice that will definitely help to keep your reeds in use for longer is to rotate them from one practice session to another. Keeping 3 to 4 reeds going at all times will allow each reed to recover from use and will highlight when one reed is beginning to lose its quality in relation to the others. We recommend purchasing cane reeds by the box and working in new reeds as old ones need replacing.

FAQ’s

• What is the difference between different make of reeds?

Each manufacture tries to offer a unique cut and quality of cane in their product. As these factors are crucial to sound and response the player will find reasons in time to prefer one make over another. 

• How do I know when to try a harder /softer strength?

When sound suffers beyond what the player can adjust for is the time to examine the strength being used. If upper register notes are thin and unstable a harder strength may help. If low notes cannot be produced in spite of one’s best efforts then a softer reed may help. The ideal is an comfortable control and even response throughout the range with a gratifying musical sound. 

• Why are reeds difference sizes for different instruments?

 As each size of instrument uses a specific size of mouthpiece the reed used must fit. Reeds are an integral part of the production of the sound through the vibration they provide to the air column and must be designed specifically for the mouthpieces. 

• What makes a reed a ‘Jazz’ reed, what makes a reed a ‘Classical’ reed?

 In general, a ‘Jazz’ will be a slightly more flexible and vibrant reed intended to allow higher overtones to be present in the sound – producing a so called ‘brilliant/punchy’ quality often associated with jazz music. A ‘Classical’ reed will be more resistant and is intended to produce a greater concentration of lower overtones in the sound – the so called ‘dark/rich’ quality associated with symphonic or classical music.

• Why are some reeds more expensive than others?

 Cane is selected by manufacturers for the intended product market – the highest of selection criteria means that fewer canes are suitable, more wastage occurs and more care is taken in finishing – contributing to higher cost. 

• Why are some reeds less expensive than others?

Some lesser expensive reeds are made from lower qualities of cane, cut more simply with less concern for final finishing. These can be well suited to players at any level but are often associated with initial years learning. 

• What are some reed brands more popular than others?

 Some products have been around for a century or more – ample time to become well known and respected. Some are more widely available therefore easier to recommend by teachers and some have a proven track record for specific mouthpieces and/or types of use. Successful products have a following in different regions around the world so what is well known in one country may be very differently regarded elsewhere. 

• Why have I been recommended to a particular brand of reed when there are so many different brands available? 

Perhaps because a player or teacher has had a very good experiences themselves with a product, perhaps a name has been well established and is easily available or perhaps because a certain brand is believed to constitute good value. In the end every player will want to find their own best answer and should sample a variety of reeds. 

• Why don’t all reeds correspond in strength? 

 This is a bit like ‘Why don’t all cars look alike?’ They just don’t and for a variety of reasons. Strength guides are generally relative and roughly proportional to each other but each manufacturer wishes to do something unique to meet the perceived requirements of the musician. Experience of different reeds will lead someone to a personal understanding of the relationships between brands and strengths – in the meantime a strength comparison chart and some background reading will help to fill the gaps in knowledge.

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The tips and comments above are the result of many years of providing help and advice, my personal interest and study, and the teaching that I have done during my career. I have many colleagues and teachers to thank for sharing their thoughts and suggestions on this and other topics. In addition I am indebted to Woodwind & Reed, Cambridge ( www.wwr.co.uk ) where, in the course of helping customers, many of these concepts have been refined and have proven helpful.

Thomas Dryer-Beers

 

Reed Strength Advice and Reed Blog

The question of what strength of reed to play and whether to change reed brands is well known to players and teachers at all levels. The following guide was originally prepared for Reeds Direct Cambridge (www.reeds-direct.co.uk) and has served as staff training guidance. I have altered it slightly for inclusion in this blog and I hope that it might be found useful. Thomas

Reed Strength Advice and Reed Blog

Starting at the beginning:

Welcome to playing your instrument. We recommend that beginner clarinettists and saxophonists start by using softer reeds, such as strength 1.5 reeds (or strength 1 for some), that are intended to be free blowing for ease of sound production. These reeds work well in the middle to lower registers and are ideal for initial learning. However, as a consequence of such reeds being thin in profile, the tone produced is often thin and “buzzy”, so moving up in strength is advised when players become more experienced.

Softer reeds work best on medium open and open tip mouthpieces – the type usually supplied by manufactures with their student level instruments – where the reed has a fair distance to travel before it closes upon the mouthpiece facing and must therefore be quite flexible. If the reed were stronger the effort required to produce a sound might be uncomfortable for the player when she/he starts. If the mouthpiece tip were closer/narrower the typical starter reeds would feel too soft. We feel that this is the best approach for the first year or two of playing (Exam Board Grade 1-3 approximately), though each player and every situation is different and other approaches can also be successful.

Take a moment to look at the RDC Strength Banding Selection to find recommendations (available from Wood, Wind & Reed, Cambridge). Do not be afraid to experiment with alternatives – this is all part of learning.

Then as one gets better:

As players learn more they will gain experience and confidence, develop their breathing and embouchure control and wish to sound better and to play into their instrument’s upper register. This means that the set-up that once worked well is actually likely to hold them back from making progress. It is time to move up in strength of reed! This is important to recognise as the need to change strengths is often overlooked and can cause such frustration that it can be a major factor in a player giving up their studies.

A step-up strength of reed (strength 2 or 2.5), used on the same starting-level mouthpiece, should help the meet the needs of the player trying for control of the higher register and wishing to improve the overall sound particularly when articulating (tonguing). To test if you are ready for this change try placing your present reed ‘too high’ on the mouthpiece (leaving a visible 1mm or so extending over the tip when viewed from the ‘back’ or 'top') and secure with your ligature as usual. Then try blowing a legato (slurred) passage into the register(s) notes that concern you and see if you notice an improvement in the sound quality and in the way the reed feels to blow. You can also try some tonguing and see how the instrument speaks (though this may be a bit tough on the tip of your tongue – take it easy). If you like the results and can hear an improvement in tone quality then you are ready to change! Reed strengths at this level are usually satisfactory for the next year or so while progress is continuing and commitment grows. (Exam Board Grade 4-5 approximately).

Take a moment to look at the RDC Strength Banding Selection to find recommendations (available from Wood, Wind & Reed, Cambridge). Do not be afraid to experiment with alternatives – this is all part of learning.

Further refinement:

By the time a number of years of learning have passed you should no longer consider yourself a beginner (of course this point could arrive sooner with lots of good practice) but certainly by the equivalent of Grade 5 level of achievement several important changes are likely to be desirable.

Clarinet players will, in many cases, have outgrown their starter mouthpiece and possibly their instrument as well. They are by now ready to be rewarded with a greater depth of sound, a more interesting and personal sound quality and the greater musical reward available from an upgrade to a quality ebonite mouthpiece and wooden clarinet. When changing such fundamental elements the reed match will also need to be examined. Most players will find that a newly selected mouthpiece will now have a medium or medium close tip opening and will perform best with strength 2.5 or 3 reeds. Congratulations – this is where many players correctly stay for a lifetime of playing. (Exam board Grade 5–8+ approximately).

Saxophone players have another level of consideration as they progress upwards as they may well wish to play both classical and jazz styles of music and it is time to discover what a great help and inspiration can be found in an appropriate choice of mouthpiece suited to these different styles. Not surprisingly the reeds that will work best on two such different concept mouthpieces are rarely the same.

Reeds suitable for classical playing (strengths 2.5 or 3 usually) are designed to offer stability, consistency of attack, roundness of tone colour and subtle control of dynamics on the medium close and close tip opening mouthpieces most often preferred. Many jazz players find themselves competing for volume and will choose medium open or quite open tip openings to allow for aggressive blowing, exciting tone colours and flexibility of attack. Reeds suitable for jazz playing (could be anywhere from strength 2, 2.5, 3 or 3.5) need to offer a suitable resistance match to the mouthpiece and provide an attractive sparkle and ‘edge’ for presence in an ensemble or small group setting. Reeds described as ‘Jazz’ will generally offer these characteristics and one must experiment to find just the right match for their choice of mouthpiece.

Take a moment to examine the RDC Strength Banding Selection to discover popular reeds from around the world. You are now ready to make the most of your musicianship and discover the musical pleasure a well-selected reed can provide. For further background on available jazz reeds see the RDC Reed Category Guide. Remember - do not be afraid to experiment – it is part of learning and becoming the best you can be.

Advanced and Professional considerations:

By now you know the type of sound you are looking for and how you wish your instrument to play in the practice studio, in the pit, on the stage and in the concert hall. Hopefully you have a clear understanding of what has worked well in the past and what may still be missing. You may be engaged in the search for ‘the perfect reed’ and perhaps becoming frustrated that what you have been playing seems to have ‘changed’ or is simply no longer good enough. In that case you may wish to explore what some of the ‘boutique options' available from smaller and more custom reed makers. Their businesses are founded on satisfying the needs of the most discerning customers and they pride themselves on  product consistency and the ability to provide what the mass manufactures do not. Make sure that you understand the subtle differences between a reed manufacturer’s ranges of offerings. Many designs have been introduced to offer genuine performance differences even at the same strength. Alternatively you may wish to take more responsibility for adjusting your reeds and sympathetically ‘breaking in’ reeds over time so that you are in greater control of the ‘settling in’ process. You may also wish to review reed options that you may have overlooked in the past, i.e. filed or unfiled profile reeds, thick blank reeds and even synthetic reeds, to find just the right combination for your requirements. (Exam board Grade 8+ and beyond).

Take a moment to see the RDC Strength Banding Selection to find a number of options that might be of interest. Remember - do not be afraid to experiment – it is now a vital part of your music making and your satisfaction as a performing musician. If you are teaching as well it is important that you know what is available so that you can knowledgeably and sympathetically advise your own pupils.

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The tips and comments above are the result of many years of providing help and advice, my personal interest and study, and the teaching that I have done during my career. I have many colleagues and teachers to thank for sharing their thoughts and suggestions on this and other topics. In addition I am indebted to Woodwind & Reed, Cambridge ( www.wwr.co.uk ) where, in the course of helping customers, many of these concepts have been refined and have proven helpful.

Thomas Dryer-Beers Consultant to Reeds Direct Cambridge
Compiler of the Reeds Direct Cambridge Reed Strength Comparison Chart
www.reeds-direct.co.uk